Flyovers, often seen as a quick fix to urban traffic woes, are elevated roadways designed to bypass congested intersections. While they promise smoother traffic flow and reduced travel times, the reality is more complex. This article explores why constructing flyovers often fails to decongest traffic, citing examples from various cities.

The Illusion of Immediate Relief

Short-Term Solutions

Flyovers can provide temporary relief by allowing vehicles to bypass traffic signals and intersections. However, this solution is often short-lived. For instance, in Delhi, despite the construction of numerous flyovers, traffic congestion remains a persistent issue. The serpentine queues of vehicles crawling even on flyovers highlight the limitations of this approach.

Displacement of Congestion

One of the primary criticisms of flyovers is that they merely shift congestion from one area to another. A study conducted at the Gariahat intersection in Kolkata revealed that while the flyover reduced delays at Gariahat, it increased delays at the adjacent Phari intersection. This displacement effect means that the overall traffic situation may not improve and can even worsen in some cases.

Increased Vehicle Dependency

Flyovers often encourage the use of private vehicles by providing a seemingly faster route. This can lead to an increase in the number of vehicles on the road, exacerbating congestion in the long run. In Vadodara, the construction of the city's longest flyover did not significantly alleviate traffic congestion as expected. Instead, it encouraged more people to use private vehicles, leading to a cycle of increasing traffic volumes.

Environmental and Social Impact

Negative Externalities

The construction and use of flyovers can have several negative externalities. Increased vehicle emissions, noise pollution, and the disruption of local communities are common issues.

For example, the Cheonggyecheon elevated highway in Seoul was eventually demolished and replaced with an urban park to address these concerns. This transformation not only reduced noise and pollution but also improved the quality of life for residents.

Lack of Comprehensive Planning

Many urban authorities adopt a piecemeal approach to traffic management, focusing on immediate solutions like flyovers without considering long-term impacts.

In Mumbai, the construction of multiple flyovers has not resolved the city's traffic problems. Experts argue that a comprehensive planning approach, which includes improving public transport and addressing bottlenecks, is essential for sustainable traffic management.

Case Studies

Delhi

Despite the construction of over 70 flyovers, Delhi continues to struggle with severe traffic congestion?. The lack of a holistic approach to traffic management means that flyovers have not provided a lasting solution.

Kolkata

The Gariahat flyover in Kolkata, intended to ease congestion, ended up shifting the problem to nearby intersections?. This example underscores the importance of considering the broader traffic network when planning infrastructure projects.

Vadodara

Vadodara's longest flyover, while intended to reduce congestion, has not achieved its goal?. The increase in private vehicle use has negated the benefits of the flyover, highlighting the need for integrated transport solutions.

Conclusion

While flyovers can offer temporary relief from traffic congestion, they are not a panacea. The displacement of congestion, encouragement of private vehicle use, environmental impact, and lack of comprehensive planning all contribute to their limited effectiveness. Sustainable traffic management requires a holistic approach that includes improving public transport, addressing bottlenecks, and considering the broader urban environment.

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